Time domain topology optimization of 3D nanophotonic devices

We present an efficient parallel topology optimization framework for design of large scale 3D nanophotonic devices. The code shows excellent scalability and is demonstrated for optimization of broadband frequency splitter, waveguide intersection, photonic crystal-based waveguide and nanowire-based waveguide. The obtained results are compared to simplified 2D studies and we demonstrate that 3D topology optimization may lead to significant performance improvements.     

伏安特性实验中电压表的改进应用

改进了传统电压表的面板设计,使电压表不仅能测两端的电压,还能测量自身的电流.于是在测量元件的伏安特性实验中,使用该电压表可以不考虑被测器件电阻的大小,均采用电流表外接的接线方式,即让电压表分流.再利用电压表的电流测量功能,测出自身分流电流的大小,从而可以准确得出被测器件的电流与两端的电压.     

Characterization of sugar juice heat exchanger tube deposit

Fouling of heat exchanger surfaces during sugar manufacture reduces productivity and increases energy demand. This study characterizes a deposit (including its internal structure) formed in a sugar factory's evaporator unit using a variety of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques (including X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, elemental mapping with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered electron imaging). Calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium oxalate mono‐ and dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, amorphous silica and organic matter are present in the deposit. The composition of the deposit (which contains three layers) varies along the height of the tube. There are noticeable differences in the composition and porosity among the layers in the deposit. A porous structure consisting of a mixture of amorphous silica, calcium oxalate dihydrate and organic matter is attached to the surface of the deposit in contact with sugar juice, while a denser morphology of amorphous silica and hydroxyapatite is attached to the tube wall. Elemental mapping identifies an association between Si, Al, Mg, Fe and O, suggesting the presence of a silicate compound as a minor component in the deposit. An attempt is made to rationalize the formation of the observed phases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TiO2 nanorods branched on fast-synthesized large clearance TiO2 nanotube arrays for dye-sensitized solar cells

A large clearance TiO₂ nanotube arrays (LTAs) has been synthesized by a not more than 12 h anodization duration and based on this a branched TiO₂ nanotube arrays (BLTs) has been achieved through TiO₂ nanorods branch-like grown on the LTAs. Some key factors and probable mechanisms of the fabrication processes on two novel nanoarchitectures are discussed. Exhilaratingly, it is found that the obtained LTAs has demonstrated large pore diameter and void spaces (pore diameter ∼350 nm; void spaces ∼160 nm; and tube length ∼3.5 μm), and the synthesized hierarchical BLTs, compared with conventional TiO₂ nanotube arrays, has shown a much stronger dye absorption performance and an approximately double of the solar cell efficiency (in our case from 1.62% to 3.18% under simulated AM 1.5 conditions).     

New approach in the synthesis of M6G

Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is the primarily active metabolite of morphine, produced endogenously by the UGT enzyme, which displays analgesic activity. For this reason, M6G is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of severe pain. We described herein a new, efficient and scalable synthesis of M6G using dimorphinic derivatives. This preparation of M6G could be performed on multigram scale with good yield and high purity.     

A new class of fluorescent dyes based on 1,3-benzodioxole and [1,3]-dioxolo[4.5-f]benzodioxole

We report on synthesis and photophysical properties of a new class of fluorescent dyes. They are characterized by large Stokes-shifts, long fluorescence lifetimes in organic solvents and a pronounced dependency of the fluorescence lifetime on the solvent polarity. Also worthy of note is the high bleaching stability. To provide access to biochemical and medical applications a series of derivatives were prepared, which exhibit specific reactivity towards different biologically relevant functional groups (carboxylic acids, amines, maleimides, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters). Furthermore, two alkynes were prepared, which could be used in ‘Click’ chemistry.     

Miniaturized molecularly imprinted polymer extraction method for the gas chromatographic analysis of flavonoids

In this study, the use of monolithic molecularly imprinted polymers in a micropipette tip format allowing the simple and fast extraction of flavonoids from standard solutions and a black tea sample is demonstrated. The imprinted polymer employed quercetin, methacrylic acid or 4‐vinylpyridine, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as template, functional monomer, and cross‐linker, respectively. Surface morphologies of the quercetin‐imprinted polymers and the corresponding nonimprinted polymers were characterized by SEM. Extraction of flavonoid standards was performed to evaluate the selectivity and recovery with these imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. Flavonoid compositions in aliquots eluted from the tips were identified using fast GC with flame ionization detection. Maximum specific capacities of 0.2, 5.7, and 16.0 mg/g for catechin, morin, and quercetin, respectively, were obtained with the imprinted polymer prepared with methacrylic acid, with the corresponding recoveries of 99.8, 98.8, and 95.4%, respectively. Efficient extraction by the quercetin‐imprinted polymer of epicatechin, catechin, and quercetin from an apple‐flavored black tea sample was achieved, with GC–MS employed for compound identification for both the tea and extracted samples.     

Study on wave dispersion characteristics of piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates considering surface effects

In this study, the wave propagation properties of piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates deposited on an orthotropic viscoelastic foundation are analyzed by considering the surface effects (SEs). The nanoplates are composed of a composite layer reinforced by graphene and two piezoelectric surface layers. Utilizing the modified Halpin-Tsai model, the material parameters of composite layers are obtained. The displacement field is determined by the sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). The Euler-Lagrange equation is derived by employing Hamilton’s principle and the constitutive equations of piezoelectric layers considering the SEs. Subsequently, the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is used to obtain the equations of motion. Next, the effects of scale parameters, graphene distribution, orthotropic viscoelastic foundation, and SEs on the propagation behavior are numerically examined. The results reveal that the wave frequency is a periodic function of the orthotropic angle. Furthermore, the wave frequency increases with the increase in the SEs.

     

神龙一号直线感应加速器X光转换靶破坏诊断

 利用能量约450 keV、焦斑直径1~4 mm的低能X光对神龙一号直线感应加速器束靶作用后钽靶的破坏进行诊断,利用增强型电荷耦合器件（ICCD）对诊断过程记录,得到束靶作用后数μs时间内钽靶材料密度的变化。结果表明：在束靶作用后约1 μs内靶材料密度基本没有变化,且该时间段内ICCD相机没有观察到有靶前钽靶材料的微粒喷射。     

Electromechanical cracking in ferroelectrics driven by large scale domain switching

Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field reaches almost twice the coercive field of ferroelectrics. Thus, the model of small scale domain switching is not applicable any more, which is dictated only by the singular term of the crack tip field. In the DCB test, a large or global scale domain switching takes place instead, which is driven...